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WikiLeaks-related Twitter court orders
The WikiLeaks-related Twitter court orders were United States Department of Justice 2703(d) orders (so-called because they are authorized by ) accompanied by gag orders (authorized by , both as differentiated from subpoenas and national security letters) issued to Twitter in relation to ongoing investigations of WikiLeaks issued on 14 December 2010.〔〔 While only five people were individually named within the subpoena, according to lawyer Mark Stephens the order effectively entailed the collection in relation to criminal prosecution of the personal identifying information of over six hundred thousand Twitter users, principally those who were followers of WikiLeaks.〔〔〔〔 The U.S. government also sent Twitter a subpoena for information about Julian Assange and several other WikiLeaks-related persons, including Chelsea Manning. Twitter appealed against the accompanying gag order in order to be able to disclose its existence to its users, and was ultimately successful in its appeal.〔〔 Subsequent reactions included the discussion of secret subpoenas in the U.S.,〔 criticism of the particular subpoena issued,〔〔〔 an immediate,〔 temporary 0.5 percent reduction in the number of Twitter followers of WikiLeaks, and calls for the recognition and emulation of Twitter's stance.〔
== Chronology ==
Prior to the December 2010 subpoena relating to the WikiLeaks, Twitter had received at least one subpoena for information about its users. Just after the Attorney-General of the US state of Pennsylvania Tom Corbett was elected as governor of Pennsylvania, it was revealed that he had issued a subpoena against Twitter to demand personal information on two users who criticised him. The sub-poena included phone numbers, email addresses, banking info, and internet accounts. It also ordered Twitter to produce the information without informing the users. ''The Philadelphia Inquirer'' claimed that the subpoena was issued because of the two users' criticisms of Corbett.〔 Corbett's spokesperson said that the subpoena was issued as "part of an ongoing criminal investigation".〔 The organizations Public Citizen and the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) provided legal aid to the users. The subpoena was later dropped by the Attorney-General's office.〔 On 11 March, a U.S. judge upheld the request of the federal prosecutor.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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